Products related to Theory:
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Advocacy and Policy Change Evaluation : Theory and Practice
This is the first book-length treatment of the concepts, designs, methods, and tools needed to conduct effective advocacy and policy change evaluations.By integrating insights from different disciplines, Part I provides a conceptual foundation for navigating advocacy tactics within today's turbulent policy landscape.Part II offers recommendations for developing appropriate evaluation designs and working with unique advocacy and policy change–oriented instruments.Part III turns toward opportunities and challenges in this growing field.In addition to describing actual designs and measures, the chapters includes suggestions for addressing the specific challenges of working in a policy setting, such as a long time horizon for achieving meaningful change.To illuminate and advance this area of evaluation practice, the authors draw on over 30 years of evaluation experience; collective wisdom based on a new, large-scale survey of evaluators in the field; and in-depth case studies on diverse issues—from the environment, to public health, to human rights.Ideal for evaluators, change makers, and funders, this book is the definitive guide to advocacy and policy change evaluation.
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Understanding the Company : Corporate Governance and Theory
What is the purpose of the company and its role in society?From their origin in medieval times to their modern incarnation as powerful transnational bodies, companies remain an important part of business and society at large.Drawing from a variety of perspectives, this book adopts a normative approach to understanding the modern company and provides insights into how companies should be conceptualized.It considers key topics such as the development of corporate theory, the rights and obligations of the company, and the means and ends of corporate governance.Written by leading experts of different jurisdictions, this book provides important international viewpoints on some of the most pressing corporate governance questions.
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Sovereign Virtue : The Theory and Practice of Equality
Equality is the endangered species of political ideals.Even left-of-center politicians reject equality as an ideal: government must combat poverty, they say, but need not strive that its citizens be equal in any dimension.In his new book Ronald Dworkin insists, to the contrary, that equality is the indispensable virtue of democratic sovereignty.A legitimate government must treat all its citizens as equals, that is, with equal respect and concern, and, since the economic distribution that any society achieves is mainly the consequence of its system of law and policy, that requirement imposes serious egalitarian constraints on that distribution.What distribution of a nation's wealth is demanded by equal concern for all?Dworkin draws upon two fundamental humanist principles--first, it is of equal objective importance that all human lives flourish, and second, each person is responsible for defining and achieving the flourishing of his or her own life--to ground his well-known thesis that true equality means equality in the value of the resources that each person commands, not in the success he or she achieves.Equality, freedom, and individual responsibility are therefore not in conflict, but flow from and into one another as facets of the same humanist conception of life and politics.Since no abstract political theory can be understood except in the context of actual and complex political issues, Dworkin develops his thesis by applying it to heated contemporary controversies about the distribution of health care, unemployment benefits, campaign finance reform, affirmative action, assisted suicide, and genetic engineering.
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A Theory of Communication and Justice
This book outlines a theory of communication and justice for the digital age, updating classic positions in political philosophy and ethics, and engaging thinkers from Aristotle through Immanuel Kant and the American pragmatists to John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, and Amartya Sen. In communication seeking to define justice and call out injustice, there is such a thing as the last word.The chapters in this book trace the historical emergence of communication as a human right; specify the technological resources and institutional frameworks necessary for exercising that right; and address some of the challenges following from digitalization that currently confront citizens, national regulators, and international agencies.Among the issues covered are public access to information archives past and present; local and global networks of communication as sources of personal identities and imagined communities; the ongoing reconfiguration of the press as a fourth branch of governance; and privacy as a precondition for individuals and collectives to live their lives according to plans, and to make their own histories. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in media and communication studies, cultural studies, political philosophy and ethics, and interdisciplinary fields examining the ethical and political implications of new information and communication infrastructures.
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Is John Rawls' theory of justice meaningful?
John Rawls' theory of justice, as outlined in his book "A Theory of Justice," is indeed meaningful as it provides a framework for understanding and achieving a just society. Rawls' concept of justice as fairness, his principles of justice, and his emphasis on the importance of equal rights and opportunities have had a significant impact on political philosophy and public policy. His theory has been influential in shaping discussions around social justice, equality, and the role of government in addressing inequality. While it has been subject to criticism and debate, Rawls' theory continues to be a valuable and thought-provoking contribution to the study of justice.
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How do you assess this theory of justice?
This theory of justice seems to prioritize equality and fairness, which are important principles in creating a just society. By focusing on the distribution of resources and opportunities, it aims to address systemic inequalities and promote social cohesion. However, some critics may argue that this theory overlooks individual rights and freedoms, potentially leading to a loss of personal autonomy. Overall, while this theory provides a valuable framework for addressing social injustices, it is important to consider a balance between equality and individual liberties in the pursuit of justice.
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What is Adam Smith's theory of justice in ethics?
Adam Smith's theory of justice in ethics is based on the concept of impartiality and fairness. He believed that justice is achieved when individuals act in a way that promotes the overall well-being of society, rather than solely pursuing their own self-interest. Smith emphasized the importance of treating others with respect and fairness, and he argued that a just society is one in which individuals have the freedom to pursue their own interests within the bounds of moral and legal rules. Overall, Smith's theory of justice in ethics is centered around the idea of balancing self-interest with the common good of society.
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"Equality before, but justice first?"
"Equality before, but justice first" suggests that while equality is important, it should not come at the expense of justice. This phrase emphasizes the need to address systemic injustices and inequalities in order to achieve true equality. It implies that simply treating everyone the same does not necessarily address the underlying issues of discrimination and oppression. Instead, it calls for prioritizing justice in order to create a more equitable society for all.
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Governance, Stewardship and Sustainability : Theory, Practice and Evidence
The first introductory practical guide of its kind, this book brings together principles of corporate governance, investor stewardship and enterprise sustainability in the context of institutional investment. Stewardship codes are developing in diverse markets to provide a framework for responsible institutional investment practices and fiduciary duties for beneficiaries.While codes provide a starting point, the application of stewardship in practical terms can be challenging for many institutional investors.Written by two well-known corporate governance experts, George Dallas and Mike Lubrano, and based on the ICGN training course on stewardship that they developed, this book gives needed clarity, rigor and guidance to practitioners about what we know—and don't know—about stewardship, governance and sustainability.It explores the theoretical foundations of stewardship, linking these to day-to-day decision-making and providing real-life examples and practical tools to evaluate issues that arise for companies from an environmental, social and governance perspective and generate ideas about how to make investor stewardship a practical reality in similar cases. Investor stewardship and ESG professionals, portfolio managers, senior managers, regulators and finance students will appreciate this unique guide to developing, refining and operationalising investor stewardship capabilities in line with the respected and internationally recognised ICGN policy framework.
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Critical Wage Theory : Why Wage Justice Is Racial Justice
In this highly original and personal book, Ruben J.Garcia argues forcefully that we must center the minimum wage as a tool for fighting structural racism.Employing the lessons of critical race theory to show how low minimum wages and underenforcement of workplace laws have always been features of our racially stratified society, Garcia explains why we must follow the leadership of social movements by treating increases in minimum wage levels and enforcement as matters of racial justice.Offering solutions that would benefit all workers, especially the immigrants and people of color most often made victims of wage theft, Critical Wage Theory is essential reading for anyone who seeks a more just future for the working class.
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Relational Justice : A Theory of Private Law
What makes private law private? What is its domain? What are the values it promotes? Relational Justice: A Theory of Private Law addresses these foundational questions in a robust analysis of the key doctrines of private law, including torts, contracts, and restitution. Discarding the vision of private law as a bastion of negative duties of non-interference or efficiency maximization, this book reframes private law in terms of what it calls 'relational justice' - reciprocal respect for self-determination and substantive equality.By vindicating self-determination, private law can forge the horizontal interactions vital to the ability to shape and implement a conception of the good life.By structuring these interactions in terms requiring parties to respect one another for who they are, private law can cast them as interactions between equals.In the book's first part, the authors set out a normative position they term relational justice, whereby the rules of private law abide by the fundamental maxim of reciprocal respect for self-determination and substantive equality.The second part of the book applies this framework to an analysis of familiar private law doctrinal areas, followed by a third part charting newer areas including workplace safety, poverty, discrimination, and implications for international law.Throughout, the authors show how relational justice theory provides a normative vocabulary for evaluating core features of existing private law, while suggesting directions for necessary or desirable reforms.
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Youth Justice Handbook : Theory, Policy and Practice
What knowledge and skills do you need to practise effectively as a professional within the youth justice system?What values should inform your work with children and young people subject to criminal justice sanctions?These are the central questions addressed by the editors and contributors in this comprehensive new text. The Youth Justice Handbook provides an essential resource for practitioners in youth justice as well as those who are studying the subject as part of their training or an academic course.Its aim is to equip practitioners in youth justice and the wider children’s workforce with an understanding of key theoretical concepts from a range of disciplines that might inform and enhance their work.It encourages a critical interrogation of the ideas that underpin practice by drawing on social constructionist approaches to issues such as ‘child development’, ‘crime’ and ‘punishment’ and related concepts.It provides a descriptive account of current practice inareas such as community corrections and incarceration, examining the evidence base for this and suggesting – where appropriate – alternative strategies. The key objective of the Handbook is to provide students with the confidence to critically reflect on the ideas and debates that currently influence the work undertaken with young people as well as those that may shape practice in the future.By equipping them with the basic skills of analysis and an understanding of key themes and developments, it aims to further promote their progression as reflective practitioners and autonomous learners. The Youth Justice Handbook takes a multidisciplinary approach, and contains chapters from leading experts in the field which draw on original research and practical experience of working in the area.It is divided into five parts:• Contexts of childhood and youth• Research, knowledge and evidence in youth justice• Policy, possibilities and penal realities in youth justice• Reflective practice• Widening contexts
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How to apply John Rawls' theory of justice to situations?
To apply John Rawls' theory of justice to situations, one must first consider the principles of justice as fairness. This involves imagining a hypothetical original position behind a veil of ignorance, where individuals are unaware of their own characteristics and circumstances. From this position, individuals would agree upon two principles of justice: the equal basic liberties principle and the difference principle. When analyzing a situation, one must consider whether the distribution of resources and opportunities is in line with these principles, ensuring that the most disadvantaged members of society are prioritized. By applying Rawls' theory in this way, one can strive for a more just and equitable society.
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How do you apply John Rawls' theory of justice to situations?
To apply John Rawls' theory of justice to situations, one must first consider the principles of justice as fairness. This involves imagining a hypothetical original position behind a veil of ignorance, where individuals do not know their own place in society. From this position, one can then consider what principles of justice would be chosen to ensure fairness for all. In real-life situations, one can apply Rawls' theory by considering how to ensure that the least advantaged members of society are given priority and that inequalities are arranged to benefit them. This can involve policies and decisions that aim to reduce inequality and provide opportunities for those who are most disadvantaged.
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How does Matthew 20:15 compare to John Rawls' theory of justice?
Matthew 20:15 states, "Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous?" This verse reflects a more individualistic and merit-based approach to justice, where individuals have the right to do as they please with their possessions. In contrast, John Rawls' theory of justice emphasizes fairness and equality, advocating for a system where inequalities are only permitted if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. Rawls' theory focuses on the distribution of resources to ensure a just society, while Matthew 20:15 highlights personal autonomy and generosity.
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What are identity theory and competition theory?
Identity theory is a sociological perspective that focuses on how individuals develop and maintain a sense of self and identity through their interactions with others and their social environment. It emphasizes the importance of social roles, relationships, and cultural influences in shaping one's identity. Competition theory, on the other hand, is a perspective that examines how competition for resources, power, and status shapes social relationships and structures. It emphasizes the role of competition in driving social change, inequality, and conflict within societies. Both theories offer valuable insights into the ways in which individuals and societies are shaped by their social interactions and the broader social context.
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